Question:

\( -\tan\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x} + c = ? \)

Updated On: Apr 13, 2025
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Solution and Explanation

Derivative of the given function:
We are asked to find the derivative of the function: \[ f(x) = -\tan\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x} + c \]

Step 1: Apply the chain rule:
The derivative of \( -\tan\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) \) is: \[ \frac{d}{dx} \left[-\tan\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)\right] = -\sec^2\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{x^2}\right) \] The derivative of \( \frac{1}{x} \) is: \[ \frac{d}{dx} \left(\frac{1}{x}\right) = -\frac{1}{x^2} \] The derivative of the constant \( c \) is 0.

Step 2: Combine the results:
Now, combining all the terms, we get: \[ \frac{d}{dx} \left[-\tan\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) + \frac{1}{x} + c\right] = \sec^2\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) \cdot \frac{1}{x^2} - \frac{1}{x^2} \] Simplifying the expression: \[ = \frac{\sec^2\left(\frac{1}{x}\right) - 1}{x^2} \] Using the identity \( \sec^2(\theta) - 1 = \tan^2(\theta) \), we get: \[ = \frac{\tan^2\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}{x^2} \]

Final Answer:
Therefore, the derivative is: \[ \frac{\tan^2\left(\frac{1}{x}\right)}{x^2} \]

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Concepts Used:

Methods of Integration

Given below is the list of the different methods of integration that are useful in simplifying integration problems:

Integration by Parts:

 If f(x) and g(x) are two functions and their product is to be integrated, then the formula to integrate f(x).g(x) using by parts method is:

∫f(x).g(x) dx = f(x) ∫g(x) dx − ∫(f′(x) [ ∫g(x) dx)]dx + C

Here f(x) is the first function and g(x) is the second function.

Method of Integration Using Partial Fractions:

The formula to integrate rational functions of the form f(x)/g(x) is:

∫[f(x)/g(x)]dx = ∫[p(x)/q(x)]dx + ∫[r(x)/s(x)]dx

where

f(x)/g(x) = p(x)/q(x) + r(x)/s(x) and

g(x) = q(x).s(x)

Integration by Substitution Method

Hence the formula for integration using the substitution method becomes:

∫g(f(x)) dx = ∫g(u)/h(u) du

Integration by Decomposition

Reverse Chain Rule

This method of integration is used when the integration is of the form ∫g'(f(x)) f'(x) dx. In this case, the integral is given by,

∫g'(f(x)) f'(x) dx = g(f(x)) + C

Integration Using Trigonometric Identities