Susceptibility of a magnetic substance is found to depend on temperature and the strength of the
magnetising field. The material is a
- paramagnet
- superconductor
- diamagnet
- ferromagnet
The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
Approach Solution -2
Ferromagnetic materials are characterized by a strong and nonlinear dependence of their magnetic susceptibility on temperature and the strength of the magnetizing field. This behavior is a key characteristic of ferromagnetism.
Temperature Dependence:
- Below a certain temperature called the Curie temperature (\(T_C\)), ferromagnetic materials exhibit spontaneous magnetization, meaning they can become permanently magnetized in the absence of an external magnetic field. Below \(T_C\), the magnetic domains within the material align spontaneously, leading to strong magnetization.
- As the temperature increases above \(T_C\), thermal energy disrupts the alignment of magnetic domains, causing a decrease in magnetization and susceptibility. Eventually, at temperatures well above \(T_C\), the material loses its ferromagnetic properties and behaves like a paramagnetic material.
Magnetizing Field Dependence:
- The strength of the external magnetizing field also influences the magnetization of ferromagnetic materials. Increasing the strength of the magnetic field aligns more magnetic domains within the material, resulting in higher magnetization and susceptibility.
- However, ferromagnetic materials exhibit hysteresis, meaning that even after removing the external magnetic field, they retain some magnetization. This phenomenon is utilized in the creation of permanent magnets.
Hence The Correct Answer is Option 4 Ferromagnet
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Concepts Used:
Magnetic Properties of Materials
Magnetic Material:
Magnetic material is one that can repel or attract other materials. The process of attraction or repulsion of these materials depends on the arrangement of electrons, which is known as the magnetic moment of that material.
Diamagnetic - With regard to the susceptibility χ, a material is diamagnetic if χ is negative. These materials produce negative magnetization when they are placed in the magnetic field. When placed in a magnetic field, these diamagnetic materials are barely magnetized. Diamagnetic substances are the ones that are repelled by magnets.
Paramagnetic - In the presence of an external magnetic field, the substances that get weakly magnetized are known as paramagnetic substances. The magnetic dipoles align along the direction of the applied field, reinforcing and enhancing the magnetic field. These substances get weakly attracted to a magnet as they tend to move from a weaker magnetic field to a stronger one. The magnetization (M) of paramagnetic materials, discovered by Madam Curie, depends on the temperature (T) and the external magnetic field B.
M = C x (B/T)
Where M = Magnetization
C = Curie Constant
B = External magnetic field
T = Temperature
Ferromagnetic - The materials strongly attracted by the magnetic field are known as ferromagnetic materials.