Question:
Suppose you are given a chance to repeat the alpha-particle scattering experiment using a thin sheet of solid hydrogen in place of the gold foil.(Hydrogen is a solid at temperatures below 14 K.) What results do you expect?
Suppose you are given a chance to repeat the alpha-particle scattering experiment using a thin sheet of solid hydrogen in place of the gold foil.(Hydrogen is a solid at temperatures below 14 K.) What results do you expect?
Updated On: Sep 30, 2023
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Solution and Explanation
In the alpha-particle scattering experiment, if a thin sheet of solid hydrogen is used in place of a gold foil, then the scattering angle would not be large enough. This is because the mass of hydrogen \((1.67×10^{-27}kg)\) is less than the mass of incident \(α\)-particles \((6.64×10^{-27}kg)\). Thus, the mass of the scattering particle is more than the target nucleus (hydrogen). As a result the α-particles would not bounce back if solid hydrogen is used in the α-particle scattering experiment.
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Concepts Used:
Atomic Spectra
The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to an electron making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state. The photon energy of the emitted photon is equal to the energy difference between the two states.
Read More: Atomic Spectra
Spectral Series of Hydrogen Atom
Rydberg Formula:
The Rydberg formula is the mathematical formula to compute the wavelength of light.
\[\frac{1}{\lambda} = RZ^2(\frac{1}{n_1^2}-\frac{1}{n_2^2})\]Where,
R is the Rydberg constant (1.09737*107 m-1)
Z is the atomic number
n is the upper energy level
n’ is the lower energy level
λ is the wavelength of light
Spectral series of single-electron atoms like hydrogen have Z = 1.
Uses of Atomic Spectroscopy:
- It is used for identifying the spectral lines of materials used in metallurgy.
- It is used in pharmaceutical industries to find the traces of materials used.
- It can be used to study multidimensional elements.