Question

Statements:
All animals are mammals.
No mammal is reptile.
All reptiles are amphibians.
Conclusions:
I. All animals are amphibians.
II. Some amphibians are mammals.
Directions: In the question above are given some statements followed by some conclusions. You have to take the given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts. Read all the conclusions and then decide which of the given conclusions logically follows/follow from the given statements, disregarding commonly known facts.

• A. Neither I nor II follows
• B. Only I follows
• C. Either I or II follows
• D. Both I and II follow

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

To analyze which conclusions logically follow from the given statements, let's break it down step-by-step: 

1. Statements:
   • All animals are mammals (A -> M).
   • No mammal is reptile (M ∩ R = ∅).
   • All reptiles are amphibians (R -> A').
2. Interpretation of statements:
   • From statement 1, every "animal" we talk about must also be a "mammal".
   • From statement 2, since no "mammal" can be a "reptile", all "animals" are also not "reptiles".
   • From statement 3, all "reptiles" must also be "amphibians".
3. Evaluation of conclusions:
   • Conclusion I: "All animals are amphibians". This cannot be true because while all "reptiles" are "amphibians", "animals" are distinct as they are all "mammals" and no "mammal" can also be a "reptile". Therefore, this conclusion does not logically follow.
   • Conclusion II: "Some amphibians are mammals". Since "reptiles" and "mammals" are mutually exclusive, and all "reptiles" are "amphibians", no overlap between "mammals" and "amphibians" is implied by the statements. Hence, this conclusion does not logically follow either.

Based on the above reasoning, neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II logically follows from the given statements.

Option	Analysis
Neither I nor II follows	Correct
Only I follows	Incorrect
Either I or II follows	Incorrect
Both I and II follow	Incorrect