Question

Statement I: Rate of crime is very low in this city
Statement II: The police is efficient in this city.

• A. Statement I is the cause and statement II is the effect
• B. Statement II is the cause and statement I is the effect
• C. Both the statements are independent causes
• D. Both the statements are independent effects

Hint:

For social condition questions, efficient governance mechanisms usually act as causes, and positive societal metrics act as effects.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understand Statement I — The crime rate is low, indicating safety and order in the city.
Step 2: Understand Statement II — The police force works efficiently, with quick responses, effective patrols, and strong enforcement of law.
Step 3: Check direct cause-effect — Efficient policing deters crime, catches offenders, and creates an environment where criminal activity is risky, leading to a lower crime rate.
Step 4: Reverse check — A low crime rate does not inherently make the police efficient; police efficiency is an input, not an output of crime statistics.
Step 5: Independent causes/effects check — The link is too strong for independence; the efficiency is directly responsible for the low crime rate.
Step 6: Conclusion — Statement II is the cause (police efficiency) and Statement I is the effect (low crime), so option (b) is correct.