Question:

Given below are two statements:
Statement I: Mendel studied seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plants and proposed the Laws of Inheritance
Statement II: Seven characters examined by Mendel in his experiment on pea plants were seed shape and colour, flower colour, pod shape and colour, flower position and stem height.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Updated On: May 2, 2025

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

To determine the validity of the given statements, we start by analyzing each one:

Statement I: Mendel studied seven pairs of contrasting traits in pea plants and proposed the Laws of Inheritance.

This statement is correct. Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics for his extensive work on pea plants, where he identified seven pairs of contrasting traits. His experiments led to the formulation of the Laws of Inheritance, which include the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment.

Statement II: Seven characters examined by Mendel in his experiment on pea plants were seed shape and colour, flower colour, pod shape and colour, flower position and stem height.

This statement is also correct. The traits Mendel studied in pea plants are:

Seed shape (round or wrinkled)
Seed colour (yellow or green)
Flower colour (purple or white)
Pod shape (inflated or constricted)
Pod colour (green or yellow)
Flower position (axial or terminal)
Stem height (tall or dwarf)

Given both statements are accurate, the correct answer is:

Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

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Concepts Used:

Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Mutation

A Mutation is a change in the sequence of our DNA base pairs caused by numerous environmental stimuli such as UV light or mistakes during DNA replication. Germline mutations take place in the eggs and sperm and can be passed onto offspring, whereas somatic mutations take place in body cells and are not passed on.

Types of Mutations

There are three types of mutations, which are as follows:

Silent mutation

It refers to any change in DNA sequence that has no effect on the amino acid sequence in a protein or the functions that a protein performs. There is no phenotypic indication that a mutation has occurred.

Nonsense mutation

When there is a change in the sequence of base pairs due to a point mutation, that results in a stop codon. This leads to a protein that is either shortened or non-functional.

Missense mutation

A missense mutation occurs when a point mutation causes a change in the codon, which then codes for another amino acid.

The mutation is caused by the following factors:

Internal Causes

When DNA copies incorrectly, the majority of mutations occur. Evolution occurs as a result of all of these mutations. DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. When a copy of DNA isn't flawless, it's called a mutation since it differs somewhat from the original DNA.

External Causes

When certain chemicals or radiations are used to break down DNA, it causes the DNA to break down. The thymine dimers are broken by UV radiation, resulting in altered DNA.