Question

“Spatial variation in population density is found in India.” Explain the statement with examples.

Hint:

The main factors influencing population density include fertility of soil, climate, availability of jobs, and urbanization.

Answer 1

India exhibits significant spatial variation in population density, which means that the distribution of people is uneven across the country. This variation is influenced by geographical, economic, and social factors.
High Population Density Areas: The northern plains, especially the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal, show high population density. These regions have fertile soil, a favorable climate, and extensive irrigation, which support agriculture and, thus, a larger population.
Low Population Density Areas: On the other hand, regions like Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Rajasthan have lower population densities due to harsh climatic conditions, mountainous terrain, and limited agricultural potential.
Urban vs Rural Differences: Metropolitan areas such as Mumbai, Delhi, and Kolkata have very high population densities due to better job opportunities, infrastructure, and industrial growth, whereas rural areas generally have a lower density. Thus, the spatial variation in population density reflects the uneven distribution of natural resources, economic activities, and human settlement patterns across India.