The sentence is discussing the importance of certain areas (like social studies and science matters) in fostering proper emotional reactions. "Fertile fields" metaphorically refers to areas that are rich in potential for growth, and "basis" refers to the foundation or fundamental role these areas play.
Option (A), things ... growth, is incorrect because "things" is too vague for this context, and the phrase "growth" is less precise than "basis."
Option (C), fertile areas ... inculcation, is less appropriate because "inculcation" means teaching or instilling knowledge, which doesn't quite fit the idea of building a foundation for emotional reactions.
Option (D), important areas ... formation, is not ideal because while "formation" is related to development, "basis" is a better fit for the idea of foundational support for emotional reactions.
Therefore, option (B) is the most fitting choice.