Question

Select the correct statements regarding somaclonal variations
A. These variations can also result in unwanted traits.
B. Somaclones have been developed and proved advantageous in several crops.
C. These variations can be used to engineer novel traits.
D. Short term invitro callus and cell suspension, cultures results in somaclonal variation.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. A, C and D Only
• B. A, B and C Only
• C. A and B Only
• D. A and D Only

Hint:

Remember that somaclonal variation is a double-edged sword: it can be a valuable source of novel traits for crop improvement but can also lead to unwanted changes. The key cause is stress during {long-term} culture, not short-term.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Somaclonal variation refers to the genetic variations that arise in plants regenerated from in vitro cell or tissue cultures. This question asks to identify the correct statements about this phenomenon.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's analyze each statement:
A. These variations can also result in unwanted traits. This statement is correct. The genetic changes that occur during tissue culture are random and can lead to desirable, neutral, or undesirable traits. For example, a variation might cause reduced yield or poor growth.
B. Somaclones have been developed and proved advantageous in several crops. This statement is correct. Scientists have successfully used somaclonal variation to select for advantageous traits like disease resistance (e.g., in sugarcane, potato) and improved yield or quality.
C. These variations can be used to engineer novel traits. This statement is correct. Somaclonal variation is a source of new genetic diversity. By screening large populations of regenerated plants (somaclones), breeders can identify and select for novel traits that were not present in the original parent plant.
D. Short term invitro callus and cell suspension, cultures results in somaclonal variation. This statement is incorrect. Somaclonal variation is typically induced by the stress of the culture environment over a long period. Short-term cultures are generally more genetically stable. The longer the cells are kept in culture, the higher the frequency of mutations and variations.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Statements A, B, and C are correct, while statement D is incorrect. Therefore, the correct option includes A, B, and C only.