Question:

समासविग्रहाणां समासनामभिः सह मेलनं कुरुत। 

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समासं (compound) परिज्ञातुं तस्य विग्रहं (dissolution) पश्यन्तु:
\[\begin{array}{rl} \bullet & \text{तत्पुरुषः: प्रायः द्वितीया-तः सप्तमी-विभक्ति-लोपः ('-स्य' $\rightarrow$ षष्ठी)।} \\ \bullet & \text{द्वन्द्वः: 'च' (and) इत्यस्य प्रयोगः।} \\ \bullet & \text{बहुव्रीहिः: 'यस्य सः' / 'यस्याः सा' (whose... he/she) इति अन्यपदप्रधानः।} \\ \bullet & \text{अव्ययीभावः: प्रथमपदम् अव्ययं (यथा 'प्रति') अथवा वीप्सा (repetition)।} \\ \bullet & \text{कर्मधारयः: विशेषण-विशेष्य-सम्बन्धः अथवा उपमान-उपमेय-सम्बन्धः ('एव')।} \\ \end{array}\]
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Solution and Explanation

  • (1) किञ्चित् जानाति इति $\rightarrow$ किञ्चिज्ज्ञः (One who knows a little) - This is उपपद-तत्पुरुषः because the second member ('ज्ञः') is a verbal root that requires the first member ('उपपदम्' - किञ्चित्) to form a complete word.
  • (2) जलस्य व्यवस्थापनम् $\rightarrow$ जलव्यवस्थापनम् (Management of water) - The dissolution shows the 'of' relation ('जलस्य' - 6th case/Genitive). This is षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः.
  • (3) लगुडः हस्ते यस्य सः $\rightarrow$ लगुडहस्तः (He who has a stick in his hand) - The compound word refers to a third person (सः - he) who is not part of the compound itself. This is बहुव्रीहिः.
  • (4) कवयः च पण्डिताः च $\rightarrow$ कविपण्डिताः (Poets and scholars) - Both members are equally important and joined by 'च' (and). This is इतरेतर-द्वन्द्वः.
  • (5) अहनि अहनि $\rightarrow$ प्रत्यहम् (Every day) - The repetition of a noun ('अहनि') to indicate 'each/every' (वीप्सा) forms an अव्ययीभावः compound, which becomes an indeclinable (अव्यय).
  • (6) मानवता एव धर्मः $\rightarrow$ मानवताधर्मः (Humanity itself is the religion) - One noun ('मानवता') describes or is equated with the other noun ('धर्मः'). This is कर्मधारयः.
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