Question

As a judge you would decide in favour of:

• A. Gurpreet because when the price was agreed upon, Khaleeda did not inform her about removing the carpet.
• B. Gurpreet because the carpet was integral to the floor of the bedroom and therefore attached to the building that was sold.
• C. Khaleeda because a fully-furnished house does not entail the buyer to everything in the house.
• D. Khaleeda because by virtue of being a carpet it was never permanently fixed to the floor of the building.
• A. Khaleeda because while the rest of the building belongs to Khaleeda exclusively, the door is ancestral property and therefore the decision to sell it cannot be Khaleeda’s alone.
• B. Gurpreet because the door is an integral part of the building as it is attached to it.
• C. Khaleeda because the door can be removed from the building and is therefore not attached to it.
• D. Gurpreet because the contract is explicitly for the whole house and since the door is part of house, it cannot be removed subsequent to the sale.
• A. Whether the moveable thing was included in the sale agreement.
• B. Whether the moveable thing was merely placed on the land or building.
• C. Whether the moveable thing had become and inseparable part of the land or building.
• D. Whether the moveable thing could be removed.
• A. Khaleeda in both situations.
• B. Gurpreet only in 37.
• C. Khaleeda only in 38.
• D. Gurpreet in both situations.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understand the Rules

Rule A: When land is sold, all ‘fixtures’ on the land are also deemed to have been sold.
Rule B: If a movable thing is attached to the land or to any building on the land, it becomes a ‘fixture’.

Step 2: Apply to the Facts

The carpet was used to cover the entire wooden floor of one of the bedrooms and served a practical, semi-permanent purpose — reducing darkness in a room with limited light.
Its coverage of the entire floor indicates it was affixed in a way that made it part of the room’s function and appearance, not just a removable item.
According to Rule B, the carpet was attached to the building and thus qualifies as a fixture.
Under Rule A, fixtures are automatically included in the sale of land/building unless specifically excluded at the time of agreement.

Step 3: Eliminate Incorrect Options

(a) is incorrect — Informing Gurpreet is not the key legal factor; the rules focus on physical attachment.
(c) is incorrect — The presence of a fully-furnished house doesn’t override the fixture rule.
(d) is incorrect — The carpet’s integration into the room’s structure outweighs its technical movability.

% Final Answer \[ \boxed{\text{(b)}} \]

Answer 2

Step 1: Understand the Relevant Rules

Rule A: When land is sold, all ‘fixtures’ on the land are also deemed to have been sold.
Rule B: If a moveable thing is attached to the land or any building on the land, it becomes a ‘fixture’.

Step 2: Apply the Rules to the Door Scenario

The door in question was installed at the entrance of the house — physically and functionally integrated into the building.
It served as an essential part of the structure — without it, the house would be incomplete.
Under Rule B, such an attachment makes the door a fixture.
Rule A clearly states that all fixtures are considered sold along with the land and building.

Step 3: Eliminate Incorrect Options

(a) is incorrect — Khaleeda’s ancestral emotional attachment or prior ownership is irrelevant once the item becomes a fixture.
(c) is incorrect — Removability alone doesn’t mean it’s not a fixture. Attachment is the legal determinant.
(d) is tempting but too vague — (b) is stronger in linking directly to the legal test of attachment.

% Final Answer \[ \boxed{\text{(b)}} \]

Answer 3

Step 1: Recall the Legal Principles (Rules A and B)

Rule A: When land is sold, all fixtures on the land are also considered to have been sold.
Rule B: If a moveable thing is attached to the land or any building, it becomes a ‘fixture’.

Step 2: Identify the Key Legal Test

The determination hinges on whether the item is a fixture or not.
A fixture is defined by its degree of attachment and integration into the property, not by removability or contract terms.
Therefore, the central test is whether the moveable item has become an inseparable part of the land or building.

Step 3: Evaluate the Options

(a) is incorrect — Inclusion in the sale agreement may help, but fixture status exists independently of such mention.
(b) is close — but merely being placed on land doesn’t meet the standard for a fixture.
(c) is correct — this is the key principle in determining fixture status.
(d) is misleading — removability is not a conclusive factor in determining fixture status.

% Final Answer \[ \boxed{\text{(c)}} \]

Answer 4

Step 1: Recall Key Principles

Rule A: All fixtures on the land are deemed to be sold when the land is sold.
Rule C: A moveable thing becomes a fixture if it is placed with the intention of becoming an integral part of the land or structure.

Step 2: Analyze Situation 37 — The Carpet

The Iranian carpet covered the wooden floor entirely and served to enhance the aesthetics and lighting of the room.
This suggests the carpet was used with the intention to integrate it with the structure.
Thus, under Rule C, it becomes a fixture and must be deemed sold along with the house. Gurpreet wins.

Step 3: Analyze Situation 38 — The Ancestral Door

Though the door was of sentimental value and ancestral origin, it was fitted as the entrance to the Baghmara house.
This physical integration, along with the use as a functional structural component, satisfies Rule C.
Therefore, it qualifies as a fixture and cannot be removed after the sale. Gurpreet wins again.

Step 4: Final Evaluation of Options

(a) is incorrect — Khaleeda loses both cases.
(b) is incorrect — Gurpreet wins not just 37, but 38 as well.
(c) is incorrect — Khaleeda does not win even in 38.
(d) is correct — Gurpreet is legally right in both 37 (carpet) and 38 (door) based on Rule C.

% Final Answer \[ \boxed{\text{(d)}} \]