Read the following statements carefully:
Statement 1: A consumption function describes the relationship between consumption and savings.
Statement 2: Consumption function consists of two components---autonomous consumption and induced consumption.
In the light of the given statements, choose the correct alternative from the following:
Step 1: Understanding the given statements.
Statement 1: This is false because the consumption function describes the relationship between consumption and income, not savings.
Statement 2: This is true because the consumption function consists of two components:
Autonomous Consumption: The minimum level of consumption that occurs even when income is zero.
Induced Consumption: The component of consumption that varies with changes in income.
(a) (i) Import substitution policy, if not applied carefully, can be a double-edged sword for any economy. Do you agree with the given statement? Justify your answer with valid arguments.
(ii) State how multilateral trade is different from bilateral trade.
OR
(b)
(i) Discuss briefly, causes and consequences of the tax reforms initiated during economic reforms in India.
(ii) Give one example each of a Navratna and a Maharatna company in the public sector in India.
Arrange the following financial institutions as per their year of establishment in chronological order, starting from the oldest to latest:
(A) National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)
(B) The Industrial Finance Corporation of India (IFCI)
(C) The Industrial Reconstruction Bank of India (IRBI)
(D) The Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Match List-I with List-I
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| (A) Make in India | (I) 1991 |
| (B) New Economic Policy | (II) 1948 |
| (C) General Agreement on Trade and Traffic (GATT) | (III) 2015 |
| (D) NITI Ayog | (IV) 2014 |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below: