Production of a human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because :
- Bacterial cell can carry out the RNA splicing reactions
- The human chromosome can replicate in bacterial cell
- The mechanism of gene regulation is identical in humans and bacteria
- The genetic code is universal
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
The genetic code, which specifies the relationship between DNA or RNA sequences and the amino acids they code for, is nearly identical in all living organisms, including humans and bacteria. This universality of the genetic code allows for the expression of genes from one organism (e.g., human) in another organism (e.g., bacteria) because the bacterial cellular machinery can read and translate the genetic information into the corresponding protein. While there may be differences in gene regulation mechanisms and post-translational modifications, the universal genetic code is a key factor that enables the production of human proteins in bacterial cells through genetic engineering.
So, the correct option is (D): the genetic code is universal
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Concepts Used:
Biotechnology
Biotechnology is a vast field of biology that involves the creation, production, and modification of useful products for human welfare using both the technology and the execution of living organisms and their components. An agricultural engineer, Karoly Ereky, coined the word "biotechnology" in 1919, achieving him the title of "Father of Biotechnology."
Principles of Biotechnology:
Among many, the two core techniques that entitled the birth of modern biotechnology are :
- Genetic Engineering is one of the methods of direct modifications of an organism's genome (i.e., DNA and RNA). It requires the introduction of new genes into host species to escalate function or trait, hence altering the host organism's phenotype.
- Bioprocess Engineering is one of the methods of maintaining sterile conditions to facilitate the growth of large quantities of desired microbes and other eukaryotic cells for the development of new or modified biotechnological products such as enzymes, vaccines, antibiotics, and other biotechnological products.