Product of sexual reproduction generally generates
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Reproduction is defined as the development of new offspring in living organisms. Reproduction occurs through sexual or asexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, fertilization of the male and female gametes occurs which forms a zygote.
- Large biomass
- Lower viability of seeds
- Prolonged dormancy
- New genetic combinations leading to variations
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Sexual reproduction produces new genetic combinations having variations from the earlier genetic combinations. The variation in the offspring characteristics is dependent on the genetic combination of either parent.
In the case of Eukaryotes, during meiosis, genetic recombination leads to a collection of genetic information through sexual reproduction. This is passed via inheritance from parent to offspring. The variation is advantageous as it allows certain individual populations to survive in conditions of changing environmental conditions. During sexual reproduction:
- There is a creation of haploid gametes.
- Meiosis is a specialized cell division method that produces gametes.
- This requires reductional division and crossing over.
- Chromosome pairs are shared during cross-over between non-sister chromatids.
- New genetic combinations are produced from the cross-over.
The other options, Large biomass, Longer viability of seeds, and Prolonged dormancy are not factors that are linked to sexual reproduction as these are dependent on the nutrient intake, surrounding conditions etc.
Also Read: DNA Genetic Material
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Concepts Used:
Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Mutation
A Mutation is a change in the sequence of our DNA base pairs caused by numerous environmental stimuli such as UV light or mistakes during DNA replication. Germline mutations take place in the eggs and sperm and can be passed onto offspring, whereas somatic mutations take place in body cells and are not passed on.
Types of Mutations
There are three types of mutations, which are as follows:
Silent mutation
It refers to any change in DNA sequence that has no effect on the amino acid sequence in a protein or the functions that a protein performs. There is no phenotypic indication that a mutation has occurred.
Nonsense mutation
When there is a change in the sequence of base pairs due to a point mutation, that results in a stop codon. This leads to a protein that is either shortened or non-functional.
Missense mutation
A missense mutation occurs when a point mutation causes a change in the codon, which then codes for another amino acid.
The mutation is caused by the following factors:
Internal Causes
When DNA copies incorrectly, the majority of mutations occur. Evolution occurs as a result of all of these mutations. DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. When a copy of DNA isn't flawless, it's called a mutation since it differs somewhat from the original DNA.
External Causes
When certain chemicals or radiations are used to break down DNA, it causes the DNA to break down. The thymine dimers are broken by UV radiation, resulting in altered DNA.