Question:

Primary, secondary and tertiary amines can be distinguished by

Updated On: Jul 28, 2022
  • Schiff's test
  • Fehling's test
  • Tollen's test
  • Hinsberg test
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The Correct Option is D

Solution and Explanation

Hinsberg's reagent (benzene sulphonyl chloride) is used to distinguish $1^{\circ}, 2^{\circ}$ and $3^{\circ}$ amines. With Hinsberg's reagent, $1^{\circ}$ amines give a sulphonamide, soluble in alkali, $2^{\circ}$ amines form a sulphonamide, insoluble in alkali, while $3^{\circ}$ amines do not react at all.
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Concepts Used:

Structure of Amines

The structure of Amines is shown below:

Alkyl Amines:

Alkylamines consist of tetrahedral nitrogen centers where the C-N-H and C-N-C bond angle is 109°. The distance between C-N bonds is smaller in comparison to the C-C range. The amines can also display a chiral property wherein the center of the nitrogen atom holds for replacements which creates solo pairs.

The bond angle in the case of trimethylamine is 108° which results in the Pyramidal structure of trimethylamine-

Aromatic Amine:

Due to the mixture of the solo pair with the aryl substituent, nitrogen nearly has a planar structure in aromatic amines. The C-N range is very short. In aniline, the distance between C-N bonds is similar to the distance between C-C bonds.

Read More: Structure of Amines