Identify the incorrect statement from the following.
- All the five 5d orbitals are different in size when compared to the respective 4d orbitals.
- All the five 4d orbitals have shapes similar to the respective 3d orbitals.
- In an atom, all the five 3d orbitals are equal in energy in free state.
- The shapes of dxy, dyz, and dzx orbitals are similar to each other; and d(x2-y2) and dz2 are similar to each other.
The Correct Option is D
Approach Solution - 1
The task requires identification of the incorrect statement among the given options about d orbitals. Understanding the properties of these orbitals will help us find the incorrect statement.
Let's analyze each option:
Statement: All the five 5d orbitals are different in size when compared to the respective 4d orbitals.
Explanation: This is a correct statement. 5d orbitals have a higher principle quantum number than 4d orbitals, meaning they're larger in size due to their higher energy level.
Statement: All the five 4d orbitals have shapes similar to the respective 3d orbitals.
Explanation: This is also correct. The shape of orbitals is determined by their angular momentum quantum number, which means 3d, 4d, and 5d orbitals have similar shapes, but their sizes and energies differ.
Statement: In an atom, all the five 3d orbitals are equal in energy in free state.
Explanation: Correct. In a free state, meaning not influenced by external electric or magnetic fields, all 3d orbitals (dxy, dyz, dzx, dx²-y², dz²) are degenerate, which means they have the same energy.
Statement: The shapes of dxy, dyz, and dzx orbitals are similar to each other; and d(x²-y²) and dz² are similar to each other.
Explanation: This is the incorrect statement. While dxy, dyz, and dzx orbitals have similar clover shapes, the dx²-y² orbital shares this shape but in a different orientation. The dz² orbital, however, has a distinct shape featuring a donut ring around it, so it does not resemble the other four, making this statement incorrect.
Thus, the incorrect statement is:
The shapes of dxy, dyz, and dzx orbitals are similar to each other; and d(x²-y²) and dz² are similar to each other.
Approach Solution -2
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Structure of Amines
The structure of Amines is shown below:
Alkyl Amines:
Alkylamines consist of tetrahedral nitrogen centers where the C-N-H and C-N-C bond angle is 109°. The distance between C-N bonds is smaller in comparison to the C-C range. The amines can also display a chiral property wherein the center of the nitrogen atom holds for replacements which creates solo pairs.
The bond angle in the case of trimethylamine is 108° which results in the Pyramidal structure of trimethylamine-
Aromatic Amine:
Due to the mixture of the solo pair with the aryl substituent, nitrogen nearly has a planar structure in aromatic amines. The C-N range is very short. In aniline, the distance between C-N bonds is similar to the distance between C-C bonds.
Read More: Structure of Amines