Question

'Planning and controlling are complementary processes.'

Hint:

{Simple Relationship:}

• {Planning = Setting the destination} (where to go)
• {Controlling = Checking if you're on the right path} (and adjusting)
• Both need each other to reach goals effectively

Answer 1

Planning and Controlling are Complementary Processes

The statement "Planning and controlling are complementary processes" explains that these two management functions are interdependent and support each other. One cannot function effectively without the other.

Explanation of Complementarity:

• Planning Provides the Basis for Controlling:
  • Planning sets goals, objectives, and performance standards.
  • Without plans, there are no standards to measure performance.
  • Controlling compares actual performance with planned standards.
  • Example: A sales target of $10{,}000$ units becomes the standard for evaluation.
• Controlling Provides Feedback for Planning:
  • Controlling identifies deviations between actual and planned performance.
  • This feedback helps in improving and revising future plans.
  • Without controlling, planners cannot judge the effectiveness of plans.
  • Example: If actual production is $8{,}500$ units instead of $10{,}000$, corrective measures are planned.
• Planning is Meaningless Without Controlling:
  • Plans remain intentions if not monitored.
  • Controlling ensures implementation of plans.
  • It helps in taking corrective action.
• Controlling is Blind Without Planning:
  • Without predetermined standards, performance cannot be evaluated.
  • Controlling has no direction without planning.
• Cyclical Relationship:
  • $\text{Planning} \rightarrow \text{Implementation} \rightarrow \text{Controlling} \rightarrow \text{Feedback} \rightarrow \text{Revised Planning}$
  • This continuous cycle shows their interdependence.

Points of Complementarity:

• Planning sets goals; Controlling measures performance.
• Planning decides what to do; Controlling ensures it is done.
• Planning is future-oriented; Controlling is present and past-oriented.
• Planning provides standards; Controlling provides feedback.

Example:

• A company plans to produce $10{,}000$ units per month (Planning).
• Actual production is $8{,}500$ units (Measurement).
• Deviation of $1{,}500$ units is identified (Controlling).
• Cause: Machine breakdown.
• Future plan includes preventive maintenance (Revised Planning).

Conclusion:
Planning and controlling are inseparable functions of management. Planning sets the direction, while controlling ensures that activities remain on track. Together, they ensure organizational success.