Question:

Pattern baldness, moustaches and beard in human males are examples of

Updated On: May 1, 2024
  • Sex-linked traits
  • Sex limited traits
  • Sex influenced traits
  • Sex determining traits
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The Correct Option is B

Solution and Explanation

Sex linked traits are the one whose governing genes are present on the sex chromosomes and are transmitted from parent to progeny through sex chromosomes only. Example is haemophilia. Sex-determining traits are the one that initiate male or female sex development pattern in the developing embryo. It considers the presence and type of sex chromosomes. For example, presence of two X-chromosome determines the female sex in human. The primary and secondary sex characters are sex differentiating traits as they differentiates between two sex. It includes sex-linked, sex influenced and sex-limited traits. Pattern baldness, moustaches and beard in human males are examples of sex-limited traits. Androgenic hormones should be present in certain levels for the governing dominant genes to be expressed. These androgenic hormones never attain the required level in females and therefore, these genes are never expressed in females.
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Concepts Used:

Principles of Inheritance and Variation - Mutation

A Mutation is a change in the sequence of our DNA base pairs caused by numerous environmental stimuli such as UV light or mistakes during DNA replication. Germline mutations take place in the eggs and sperm and can be passed onto offspring, whereas somatic mutations take place in body cells and are not passed on.

Types of Mutations

There are three types of mutations, which are as follows:

Silent mutation

It refers to any change in DNA sequence that has no effect on the amino acid sequence in a protein or the functions that a protein performs. There is no phenotypic indication that a mutation has occurred.

Nonsense mutation

When there is a change in the sequence of base pairs due to a point mutation, that results in a stop codon. This leads to a protein that is either shortened or non-functional.

Missense mutation

A missense mutation occurs when a point mutation causes a change in the codon, which then codes for another amino acid.

The mutation is caused by the following factors:

Internal Causes

When DNA copies incorrectly, the majority of mutations occur. Evolution occurs as a result of all of these mutations. DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. When a copy of DNA isn't flawless, it's called a mutation since it differs somewhat from the original DNA.

External Causes

When certain chemicals or radiations are used to break down DNA, it causes the DNA to break down. The thymine dimers are broken by UV radiation, resulting in altered DNA.