Question

Paediatric SLE: Investigation.

Hint:

Renal involvement is common in pediatric SLE, so regular urinalysis and renal function tests are essential for monitoring the disease.

Answer 1

Step 1: Investigations for Pediatric SLE.
The diagnosis of SLE is supported by clinical findings and laboratory investigations. Common investigations include:
(1) Complete Blood Count (CB: To assess for anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia, which are common in SLE.
(2) Urinalysis: To detect proteinuria, hematuria, and casts, which are signs of lupus nephritis.
(3) Antinuclear Antibodies (AN: Positive in most cases of SLE, though not specific.
(4) Anti-dsDNA and Anti-Smith Antibodies: Highly specific for SLE and help in confirming the diagnosis.
(5) Complement Levels (C3, C4): Low levels of complement are commonly seen during active disease.
(6) Renal Function Tests: To monitor kidney involvement, including serum creatinine and urinalysis.
(7) Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-reactive Protein (CRP): Inflammatory markers that may be elevated during disease flares.