Question

Paediatric SLE: Clinical manifestation.

Hint:

In pediatric SLE, early recognition of characteristic signs like the malar rash and renal involvement is crucial for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Answer 1

Step 1: Clinical Manifestations of Pediatric SLE.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in children often presents with a wide range of symptoms, which can vary in severity. Common clinical manifestations include:
(1) Malar Rash: A butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose, often triggered by sun exposure.
(2) Discoid Rash: Round, scaly, erythematous plaques that may scar and leave pigmentation changes.
(3) Arthritis: Joint pain and swelling, especially in small joints, resembling juvenile arthritis.
(4) Renal Involvement: Proteinuria and hematuria, which can lead to lupus nephritis.
(5) Photosensitivity: Increased sensitivity to sunlight, leading to rashes and exacerbation of symptoms.
(6) Oral Ulcers: Painful sores inside the mouth, often a characteristic sign.
(7) Systemic Symptoms: Fatigue, fever, weight loss, and lymphadenopathy.
(8) Neurological Symptoms: Seizures, psychosis, and cognitive dysfunction.