Step 1: About award. The Right Livelihood Award is also called the "Alternative Nobel Prize." Step 2: 2012 recipient. Sima Samar, a human rights activist from Afghanistan, was awarded for her decades-long struggle for women's rights and equality in Afghanistan. Step 3: Eliminate wrong options.
- Hayrettin Karaca → Turkish environmentalist.
- Gene Sharp → American scholar on non-violence.
- Campaign Against Arms Trade → UK-based NGO.
\[
\boxed{\text{Sima Samar}}
\]