Question

Norton's theorem is true for

• A. \( \text{Linear networks} \)
• B. \( \text{Non-Linear networks} \)
• C. \( \text{Both linear networks and nonlinear networks} \)
• D. \( \text{Neither linear networks nor non-linear networks} \)

Hint:

Many fundamental circuit theorems, including Thevenin's Theorem, Norton's Theorem, and the Superposition Theorem, are applicable exclusively to linear circuits}. This is a crucial constraint to remember. If a circuit contains non-linear components (like diodes or transistors not operating in their linear region), these theorems generally cannot be directly applied.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Norton's theorem (along with its dual, Thevenin's theorem) is a fundamental theorem in electrical engineering used for circuit analysis. It states that any linear electrical network containing independent and/or dependent voltage and current sources and resistors can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single current source and a single parallel resistor connected across the load. The key condition for Norton's theorem (and Thevenin's theorem, superposition, etc.) to apply is that the network must be linear. A linear network is one where the relationship between voltage and current in all its components (resistors, inductors, capacitors, and sources) is linear. This means:

• Homogeneity: If the input (voltage or current) is scaled by a factor, the output is scaled by the same factor.
• Additivity (Superposition): The response to multiple inputs is the sum of the responses to each input individually.

Components like ideal resistors, inductors, and capacitors are linear. Diodes, transistors, and many other semiconductor devices are examples of non-linear components. Therefore, Norton's theorem is true only for linear networks.