Question

Mention the importance of soil as a resource and describe any two types of soil found in India.

Hint:

Soil is crucial for agriculture , biodiversity , and ecosystem health , and its conservation is essential for sustainable development.

Answer 1

Importance of Soil as a Resource:

Soil is one of the most essential natural resources. It supports agriculture , which is the primary source of food production for human beings. Soil provides nutrients to plants, serves as a medium for water retention, and is crucial for biodiversity . The fertility of soil determines the type of crops that can be grown and directly impacts agricultural productivity.


Two Types of Soil Found in India:


Alluvial Soil:

Alluvial soil is the most widespread soil type in India, primarily found in the Indo-Gangetic plains and river valleys . It is highly fertile, rich in potash , phosphoric acid , and lime . It is ideal for the cultivation of crops like rice , wheat , sugarcane , and cotton .
Black Soil (Regur Soil):

Black soil is found predominantly in the Deccan Plateau and parts of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh . It is rich in lime , iron , magnesium , and calcium , making it suitable for the cultivation of cotton , groundnut , and soybeans . Black soil retains moisture well, which makes it ideal for drought-prone areas.