Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question asks to identify the Guru (teacher) of the legendary Mridangam artist, Palani Subramanya Pillai.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Palani Subramanya Pillai (1908-1962) was a titan of Carnatic percussion. While his initial training was under his father, Pazhani Muthaiah Pillai, and his uncle, Mamundiya Pillai (also a valid guru), his style and musical vision were profoundly shaped by the legendary maestro Pudukkotai Dakshinamurty Pillai. Dakshinamurty Pillai was a master of both Mridangam and Kanjira and the architect of the 'Pudukkotai style' of percussion, known for its intricate calculations and aesthetics. He is widely considered one of the most significant gurus of Palani Subramanya Pillai. Among the given options, he is the most celebrated and influential teacher associated with Palani.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Pudukkotai Dakshinamurty Pillai was a prominent Guru of Palani Subramanya Pillai.