Another consequence of lanthanide contraction is that it leads to the similarity in the chemical
properties of the elements in the same group, even if they are not in the same period. For
instance, due to the contraction, the atomic radii of elements like Hf (in period 6) and Zr (in
period 4) are almost the same, and they exhibit similar chemical reactivity, ionization energies,
and electronegativity values. Lanthanide contraction also contributes to the formation of sim
ilar ions for elements in the same group