Question

Membrane-based bio separation methods rely on the principle of

• A. Centrifugation
• B. Filtration
• C. Precipitation
• D. Sedimentation

Hint:

• Membrane separation processes use a semi-permeable membrane as a selective barrier.
• The underlying mechanism is a form of filtration, where separation occurs based on size exclusion or other properties at the membrane interface.
• Different types (MF, UF, NF, RO) target different size ranges of particles/molecules.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Membrane-based bioseparation methods utilize semi-permeable membranes to separate components from a mixture based on differences in size, charge, or other physical/chemical properties. The driving force can be pressure, concentration gradient, or electrical potential. The fundamental principle underlying these methods is filtration at a molecular or particulate level. The membrane acts as a selective barrier or sieve. Examples of membrane-based separation methods include:

• Microfiltration (MF)
• Ultrafiltration (UF)
• Nanofiltration (NF)
• Reverse Osmosis (RO)
• Dialysis / Electrodialysis

Let's analyze the options: (a) Centrifugation: Separates components based on differences in density and size by applying centrifugal force. Not primarily membrane-based. (b) Filtration: This is the core principle. The membrane filters out particles or molecules larger than its pore size, allowing smaller ones to pass through. (c) Precipitation: Involves forming a solid (precipitate) from a solution, which can then be separated by methods like centrifugation or filtration. The membrane itself isn't the primary precipitation principle. (d) Sedimentation: Separation based on gravity causing denser particles to settle. Not primarily membrane-based.
Therefore, membrane-based bioseparation methods rely on the principle of filtration. \[ \boxed{\text{Filtration}} \]