Question

Match the theories in the first column with the central themes in the second column of the table given below.

Theories	Central themes
P) Drive theory	iv) Biological needs push us to action
Q) Arousal theory	i) Our general level of activation leads to optimization
R) Expectancy theory	iii) Setting specific and challenging goals boosts motivation
S) Goal setting theory	ii) Behaviour is determined by desirable outcomes

• A. P-(iv), Q-(i), R-(ii), S-(iii)
• B. P-(iv), Q-(i), R-(iii), S-(ii)
• C. P-(i), Q-(iv), R-(ii), S-(iii)
• D. P-(ii), Q-(iii), R-(i), S-(iv)

Hint:

Link each theory to its key word: Drive$\to$needs; Arousal$\to$activation; Expectancy$\to$outcomes; Goal setting$\to$specific \& challenging goals.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Drive theory $\Rightarrow$ (iv): Drives arise from biological needs (e.g., hunger) that push action.
Arousal theory $\Rightarrow$ (i): Performance relates to the level of activation/arousal (optimum arousal).
Expectancy theory $\Rightarrow$ (ii): Behaviour depends on expected desirable outcomes (expectancy, instrumentality, valence).
Goal setting theory $\Rightarrow$ (iii): Specific, challenging goals enhance motivation and performance.
Therefore the mapping is \fbox{P-iv, Q-i, R-ii, S-iii}.