Question

Who used modelling technique first time?

• A. Kantorovich
• B. Bandura
• C. Freud
• D. None of them

Hint:

“Modelling/observational learning $\rightarrow$ Bandura (Bobo doll, ARRM).”

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Clarify the term. In psychology, {modelling} (observational learning) means acquiring a behaviour by watching a model and its consequences, rather than through direct reinforcement.
Step 2: Name the pioneer and core findings. Albert Bandura demonstrated modelling in his famous {Bobo doll} experiments (1961–63), showing that children imitate aggressive or prosocial acts, especially when models are rewarded ({vicarious reinforcement}). He formalised four processes—attention, retention, reproduction, motivation (ARRM).
Step 3: Eliminate distractors. Kantorovich was a mathematician (linear programming); Freud’s psychoanalysis centres on unconscious dynamics, not observational learning. Hence Bandura is the first and canonical name linked to the modelling technique.
Step 4: Conclude. \[ \boxed{\text{Bandura (Option B).}} \]