Question

Match the proponents in Group I with the corresponding theories in Group II. 
\[\begin{array}{|c|l|c|l|} \hline \textbf{Group I} & & \textbf{Group II} & \\ \hline \text{(P)} & \text{James Q Wilson and George Kelling} & \text{(1)} & \text{Creative Class} \\ \hline \hline \text{(Q)} & \text{Sherry Arnstein} & \text{(2)} & \text{Right to City} \\ \hline \hline \text{(R)} & \text{Henry Lefebvre} & \text{(3)} & \text{Drive-in Culture} \\ \hline \hline \text{(S)} & \text{Richard Florida} & \text{(4)} & \text{Ladder of Citizen Participation} \\ \hline \hline & & \text{(5)} & \text{Broken Window} \\ \hline \end{array}\]

• A. P-2, Q-4, R-3, S-5
• B. P-4, Q-2, R-5, S-1
• C. P-5, Q-4, R-2, S-1
• D. P-3, Q-5, R-1, S-4

Hint:

When matching theorists to their theories, remember that Broken Window is linked to crime prevention, Ladder of Citizen Participation focuses on empowerment, Right to the City is about urban equity, and Creative Class focuses on innovation and economic growth in cities.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

In this matching question, we need to pair well-known social theorists with the key theories they are associated with. Let's break down the matching one by one:

Step 1: Match P – James Q. Wilson and George Kelling.
James Q. Wilson and George Kelling are known for their development of the Broken Window Theory. This theory posits that visible signs of disorder, like broken windows, encourage further disorder and crime. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining order in public spaces to prevent larger issues. Therefore, P matches with (5) Broken Window.

Step 2: Match Q – Sherry Arnstein.
Sherry Arnstein is best known for her Ladder of Citizen Participation, a model that classifies different levels of citizen participation in decision-making processes. The ladder starts from manipulation and tokenism and moves up to citizen control. This theory focuses on empowering communities and ensuring genuine participation in governance. Hence, Q corresponds to (4) Ladder of Citizen Participation.

Step 3: Match R – Henry Lefebvre.
Henry Lefebvre is most famous for his theory of the Right to the City, a concept that argues that urban spaces should be accessible and equitable for all, not just for the elite. His work emphasizes the importance of people having a right to shape the city in which they live. Therefore, R matches with (2) Right to City.

Step 4: Match S – Richard Florida.
Richard Florida is known for his theory of the Creative Class, which posits that a significant portion of economic growth and innovation in cities comes from a class of highly educated, creative professionals. His theory has become influential in urban studies and economic geography. Thus, S pairs with (1) Creative Class.

Step 5: Final Matching.
After carefully reviewing each theorist and their corresponding theory:
- P–5 (James Q. Wilson and George Kelling – Broken Window)
- Q–4 (Sherry Arnstein – Ladder of Citizen Participation)
- R–2 (Henry Lefebvre – Right to City)
- S–1 (Richard Florida – Creative Class)
This matches exactly with option (C).