To match each product development process with the correct characteristic, let us analyze them one by one.
Step 1: Product synthesis (P).
Product synthesis involves creating or formulating the initial product concept. This aligns with:
\[
2\; \text{Process related to design conceptualization}
\]
Thus, \(P \rightarrow 2\).
Step 2: Product simplification (Q).
Simplification focuses on reducing the number of components without compromising functionality. This exactly matches:
\[
4\; \text{Reducing parts without losing functionalities}
\]
Thus, \(Q \rightarrow 4\).
Step 3: Product analysis (R).
Analysis evaluates the conceptual design to convert it into an engineering model. This matches:
\[
1\; \text{Conversion of conceptual design into engineering model}
\]
Thus, \(R \rightarrow 1\).
Step 4: Product standardization (S).
Standardization ensures product consistency and uniformity. Therefore:
\[
3\; \text{Maintaining uniformity and consistency}
\]
Thus, \(S \rightarrow 3\).
Final mapping:
\[
P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-3
\]
This matches option (A).
