Question

Match the parts of the brain given in List I with their functions given in List II.

List-I (Parts of the brain)		List-II (Functions)
1	Medulla oblongata	p	Body temperature
2	Hypothalamus	q	Olfaction
3	Cerebral cortex	r	Respiration
4	Limbic system	s	Motor function

Choose the correct option from the following :

• A. 1-p, 2-r, 3-s, 4-q
• B. 1-q, 2-s, 3-r, 4-p
• C. 1-s, 2-p, 3-q, 4-r
• D. 1-r, 2-p, 3-s, 4-q

Hint:

Understanding brain functions is critical for diagnosing neurological conditions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Matching brain regions with their functions:

1. Medulla oblongata - r. Respiration: Controls vital autonomic functions including breathing and heart rate.

2. Hypothalamus - p. Body temperature: Acts as the body's thermostat through thermoregulation.

3. Cerebral cortex - s. Motor function: The motor cortex in the frontal lobe controls voluntary movements.

4. Limbic system - q. Olfaction: Includes the olfactory bulbs and processes smell-related memories/emotions.

The correct matching is: (D) 1-r, 2-p, 3-s, 4-q

Other options are incorrect because: - (A) Incorrectly assigns temperature control to medulla - (B) Mismatches all functions - (C) Wrongly links olfaction with cerebral cortex

Answer 2

Medulla oblongata: It is part of the brainstem and plays a critical role in controlling involuntary functions such as respiration and heart rate. It is directly responsible for basic functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.

1 - r (Respiration).

Hypothalamus: Located just below the thalamus, it is involved in regulating body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic processes. It also controls the pituitary gland, which secretes hormones.

2 - p (Body temperature).

Cerebral cortex: The outer layer of the brain, it is responsible for higher-order brain functions, including motor functions (such as voluntary movement control), sensory processing, reasoning, and thinking.

3 - s (Motor function).

Limbic system: This is the set of brain structures that deal with emotions, memory, and olfaction (sense of smell). It plays a significant role in controlling emotional responses and behaviors.

4 - q (Olfaction).

Thus, the correct matching is 1 - r, 2 - p, 3 - s, 4 - q (Option D).