Question

Match the items in Group-I with the most appropriate stages of travel demand modelling in Group-II. 

\[\begin{array}{|c|c|} \hline \textbf{Group I} & \textbf{Group II} \\ \hline (P)\ \text{US-EPA's MOVES} & (1)\ \text{Trip Assignment} \\ (Q)\ \text{Fratar Model} & (2)\ \text{Trip Production} \\ (R)\ \text{Growth Factor Model} & (3)\ \text{Trip Distribution} \\ (S)\ \text{User Equilibrium} & (4)\ \text{Mobile source emission estimation} \\ & (5)\ \text{Destination Choice} \\ \hline \end{array} \]
 

• A. P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1
• B. P-3, Q-4, R-5, S-1
• C. P-4, Q-3, R-1, S-5
• D. P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-5

Hint:

Remember: MOVES → Emissions, Fratar → Distribution, Growth Factor → Production, User Equilibrium → Assignment. This matches perfectly with the 4-stage travel demand model.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: US-EPA's MOVES.
MOVES (Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator) developed by US-EPA is specifically used for mobile source emission estimation. \[ P \Rightarrow 4 \]

Step 2: Fratar Model.
The Fratar model is used in Trip Distribution to update future-year OD (Origin-Destination) matrices based on growth factors. \[ Q \Rightarrow 3 \]

Step 3: Growth Factor Model.
Growth factor models estimate future trips by projecting current traffic volumes using socioeconomic data → part of Trip Production. \[ R \Rightarrow 2 \]

Step 4: User Equilibrium.
User equilibrium principle (Wardrop's principle) is applied in traffic assignment, where no driver can reduce travel time by changing route → Trip Assignment. \[ S \Rightarrow 1 \] \[ \boxed{P-4, \ Q-3, \ R-2, \ S-1} \]