Question

Match the following thinkers (List-I) with their major ideas (List-II):

List-I (Thinker)	List-II (Idea)
(A) Harry Braverman	(I) Work is broken down into its smallest repetitive elements and divided between workers
(B) Mahatma Gandhi	(II) Machinery de-skills workers
(C) Karl Marx	(III) Machinery helps to increase production, but will eventually replace workers
(D) Frederick Winslow Taylor	(IV) Workers produce only one small part of a product which makes the work repetitive and exhausting

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(IV), (D)-(I)
• B. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(II), (D)-(IV)
• C. (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
• D. (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Harry Braverman’s idea reflects the division of labor.
Mahatma Gandhi critiqued the de-skilling effect of machinery.
Karl Marx discussed how machinery increases production but threatens jobs.
Frederick Winslow Taylor emphasized efficiency in repetitive tasks.

Answer 2

(A) Harry Braverman: His work focused on the impact of machinery on workers and argued that machinery de-skills workers, meaning that as work becomes more mechanized, workers lose their skills due to the repetitive nature of their tasks. This corresponds to (I) Machinery de-skills workers.

(B) Mahatma Gandhi: Gandhi believed that machinery could increase production but would eventually replace workers, leading to unemployment and the loss of dignity in work. This corresponds to (II) Machinery helps to increase production, but will eventually replace workers.

(C) Karl Marx: Marx argued that in capitalist societies, work is broken down into its smallest repetitive elements and divided between workers. This leads to alienation as workers produce only small parts of a product, reducing their connection to the final product. This corresponds to (IV) Workers produce only one small part of a product which makes the work repetitive and exhausting.

(D) Frederick Winslow Taylor: Taylor is known for his theory of scientific management, where the task of workers is broken down into smaller, repetitive tasks in order to maximize efficiency. This corresponds to (III) Work is broken down into its smallest repetitive elements and divided between workers.

Thus, the correct answer is (4) (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV).