Question

Which of the following statement(s) about the modernisation theory is/are INCORRECT?

• A. Both evolutionism and diffusionism have shaped the early growth of the modernisation theory
• B. Hoselitz focused on the role of deviants as innovators and entrepreneurs in shaping the economic growth of a country
• C. M. J. Levy states that less stress should be given to Parsonian pattern variables in explaining the modernisation process and more to the impact of colonialism
• D. One of the components of Alex Inkeles’ concept of ‘Modern Man’ is a belief in ‘punitive’ justice

Hint:

Modernization theory encompasses various models of social change. Key figures like Hoselitz, Inkeles, and Levy each focused on different aspects—economic, legal, and colonial—in explaining how societies modernize.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C, D

Step 1: Understand the key elements of the modernization theory.

Modernization theory emphasizes the transformation of societies from traditional to modern forms, often using Western models of development as a benchmark.

Step 2: Evaluate the options.

(A) Correct: Evolutionism and diffusionism were indeed significant influences on early modernization theory. These approaches emphasized the progressive, linear development of societies and the spread of innovations across cultures.

(B) Correct: While Hoselitz did discuss the importance of entrepreneurship in economic development, he did not focus on "deviants" as innovators. Instead, he emphasized the role of social structures and institutions in fostering economic growth.

(C) Incorrect: M. J. Levy argued that more attention should be paid to the impact of colonialism rather than just focusing on Parsonian pattern variables (such as values and norms) in understanding modernization.

(D) Incorrect: Alex Inkeles, in his concept of ‘Modern Man,’ suggested that a belief in "punitive justice" (the enforcement of laws and regulations) was one of the key features of modernity. This aligns with the legal and institutional structures that define modern societies.