Question

Match the following:

List I	List II	List III
I. Robert Costanza	C) Price tags	ii) Nature’s life support services
II. Sundarbans	A) Mangroves	iv) Flood protection
III. Lichens	D) Soil formation	i) Other supporting service
IV. Ecological function	B) Public transit	iii) Conserve natural services

• A. I A iv, II D ii, III C i, IV B iii
• B. I D i, II C ii, III A iv, IV B iii
• C. I A ii, II B iii, III D iv, IV C i
• D. I C ii, II A iv, III D i, IV B iii

Hint:

Link ecological roles to specific services: Mangroves with flood protection, lichens with soil formation, and economists like Costanza with valuing ecosystem functions.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

- I. Robert Costanza → Price tags → Nature’s life support services: Costanza is well-known for assigning economic value to ecosystem services, effectively “pricing” them to highlight their role in supporting life.
- II. Sundarbans → Mangroves → Flood protection: The Sundarbans are rich in mangrove forests, which play a key role in protecting coastal areas from flooding and storm surges.
- III. Lichens → Soil formation → Other supporting service: Lichens contribute to weathering of rocks and soil formation, considered a long-term supporting ecological service.
- IV. Ecological function → Public transit → Conserve natural services: Public transit reduces reliance on private vehicles, lowering emissions and contributing to conservation of resources and ecosystem services.

Answer 2

Match the following:

The correct matching is:
I. Robert Costanza — C) Price tags — ii) Nature’s life support services
II. Sundarbans — A) Mangroves — iv) Flood protection
III. Lichens — D) Soil formation — i) Other supporting service
IV. Ecological function — B) Public transit — iii) Conserve natural services

Explanation:
- Robert Costanza is known for valuing ecosystem services and associating economic value (price tags) to nature’s life support functions.
- Sundarbans is a large mangrove forest providing natural flood protection.
- Lichens contribute to soil formation and are important supporting organisms in ecosystems.
- Ecological functions include public transit of energy and matter, which helps conserve natural services.

Correct Answer: I C ii, II A iv, III D i, IV B iii