Question

Match the Column I with Column II :

Column I		Column II
i.	Autosomal trisomy	p.	Turner's Syndrome
ii.	Allosomal trisomy	q.	Mendelian disorder
iii.	Allosomal Monosomy	r.	Klinefelter's Syndrome
iv.	Cystic fibrosis	s.	Down's Syndrome

• A. i-p, ii-q, iii-r, iv-s
• B. i-p, ii-q, iii-s, iv-r
• C. i-s, ii-r, iii-q, iv-p
• D. i-s, ii-r, iii-p, iv-q

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

To match Column I with Column II, let's analyze each pair:

Pituitary gland: This gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it regulates other endocrine glands. Disorders associated with it include:​

• Diabetes insipidus: A condition characterized by excessive thirst and urination, resulting from insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH) production.​

Thyroid gland: This gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism. Disorders include:​

• Grave's disease: An autoimmune disorder leading to hyperthyroidism, causing symptoms like weight loss and rapid heartbeat.​

Adrenal gland: These glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline. Disorders include.

• Addison's disease: A disorder resulting from insufficient production of adrenal hormones, leading to fatigue and muscle weakness.​

Pancreas: This organ produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar. Disorders include:​

• Diabetes mellitus: A condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance or deficiency.​

Correct Matching :

a. Pituitary gland → iii. Diabetes insipidus

b. Thyroid gland → i. Grave's disease

c. Adrenal gland → iv. Addison's disease

d. Pancreas → ii. Diabetes mellitus

The correct answer is (D) : i-s, ii-r, iii-p, iv-q.

Answer 2

Let's match each item in Column I with the correct description or example in Column II: 

• i. Autosomal trisomy: This refers to the presence of an extra copy of an autosome (a non-sex chromosome). Down's Syndrome (s) is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21, which is an autosome. Therefore, i matches with s.
• ii. Allosomal trisomy: This refers to the presence of an extra copy of an allosome (a sex chromosome). Klinefelter's Syndrome (r) is typically characterized by the genotype XXY, indicating an extra X chromosome (a trisomy involving sex chromosomes). Therefore, ii matches with r.
• iii. Allosomal Monosomy: This refers to the absence of one chromosome from a pair of allosomes (sex chromosomes). Turner's Syndrome (p) is characterized by the genotype XO, indicating the absence of one sex chromosome (a monosomy involving sex chromosomes). Therefore, iii matches with p.
• iv. Cystic fibrosis: This is an inherited disease caused by mutations in a specific gene (CFTR). It follows Mendelian inheritance patterns (autosomal recessive) and is not primarily a chromosomal number abnormality. Therefore, it is classified as a Mendelian disorder (q). Thus, iv matches with q.

The correct matching is:

• i → s
• ii → r
• iii → p
• iv → q

Comparing this to the options provided:

• i-p, ii-q, iii-r, iv-s
• i-p, ii-q, iii-s, iv-r
• i-s, ii-r, iii-q, iv-p
• i-s, ii-r, iii-p, iv-q

The correct option is i-s, ii-r, iii-p, iv-q.