Question

Match List-I with List-II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

• A. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II)
• B. (A)-(II), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(III)
• C. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)
• D. (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)

Hint:

Remember the relationship between intermolecular interactions in solutions and deviations from Raoult's Law. Stronger interactions than expected lead to negative deviations and maximum boiling azeotropes, while weaker interactions lead to positive deviations and minimum boiling azeotropes. Ideal solutions occur when intermolecular forces in the mixture are similar to those in the pure components, resulting in \( \Delta V_{mix} = 0 \) and \( \Delta H_{mix} = 0 \). Association of solute molecules in solution can also significantly affect solution properties.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

To solve this matching problem, we need to understand the properties of the solutions listed in List-I and their corresponding characteristics or behaviors in List-II.

1. Solution of chloroform and acetone: This mixture forms a maximum boiling azeotrope. The strong hydrogen bonding between chloroform (CHCl₃) and acetone (C₃H₆O) leads to this property. Hence, the correct match is (III) Maximum boiling azeotrope.
2. Solution of ethanol and water: This solution forms a minimum boiling azeotrope due to its tendency to evaporate more easily than either of its pure components. Hence, the correct match is (I) Minimum boiling azeotrope.
3. Solution of benzene and toluene: Benzene and toluene have similar structures and very similar intermolecular forces, which results in nearly ideal behavior with \Delta V_{\text{mix}} = 0. Hence, the correct match is (IV) \(\Delta V_{\text{mix}} = 0\).
4. Solution of acetic acid in benzene: Acetic acid in non-polar solvents like benzene tends to form dimers due to hydrogen bonding. Hence, the correct match is (II) Dimers.

Thus, the correct arrangement is (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(II), which matches the given correct answer.

Answer 2

Step 1: Analyze each solution in List-I and match it with the appropriate property in List-II.
(A) Solution of chloroform and acetone:
Chloroform and acetone exhibit strong hydrogen bonding between the hydrogen atom of chloroform and the oxygen atom of acetone. This strong intermolecular interaction leads to a decrease in the vapour pressure of the solution compared to what would be expected for an ideal solution (negative deviation from Raoult's Law). Solutions with negative deviations form maximum boiling azeotropes. Thus, (A) matches with (III
(B) Solution of ethanol and water:
Ethanol and water are miscible due to hydrogen bonding. However, the hydrogen bonding in the mixture is generally weaker than in pure ethanol or pure water due to differences in molecular shapes and sizes affecting the extent of hydrogen bonding. This weaker interaction leads to an increase in the vapour pressure of the solution (positive deviation from Raoult's Law). Solutions with positive deviations form minimum boiling azeotropes.
Thus, (B) matches with (I). (C) Solution of benzene and toluene:
Benzene and toluene are structurally similar nonpolar hydrocarbons. The intermolecular forces in pure benzene, pure toluene, and their mixture are all weak van der Waals forces of similar magnitude. Therefore, the mixing of benzene and toluene results in an ideal solution or a solution showing very little deviation from ideal behavior. For an ideal solution, the volume of mixing is zero (\( \Delta V_{mix} = 0 \)). Thus, (C) matches with (IV). 
(D) Solution of acetic acid in benzene:
Acetic acid exists as a dimer in nonpolar solvents like benzene due to strong hydrogen bonding between the carboxyl groups of two acetic acid molecules. When dissolved in benzene, the extent of dimerization is significant, leading to a decrease in the number of solute particles in the solution compared to what would be expected if acetic acid were completely dissociated into individual molecules. This association affects the colligative properties and the vapour pressure of the solution. The statement "dimerizes" describes this behavior of acetic acid in benzene. Thus, (D) matches with (II). 
Step 2: Write down the matching pairs.
(A) - (III)
(B) - (I)
(C) - (IV)
(D) - (II)
Step 3: Choose the option that corresponds to the correct matching.
The correct matching is given by option (1).