Question

Match LIST-I with LIST-II 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 
 

• A. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
• B. A-I, B-III, C-II, D-IV
• C. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
• D. A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I

Hint:

To remember inheritance patterns, link diseases to key concepts. {Dominant} means one copy of the gene is enough (Huntington's). {Recessive} means two copies are needed (Cystic Fibrosis). {X-linked} affects males more often (Color blindness).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question requires knowledge of the modes of inheritance for several common genetic diseases. The mode of inheritance describes how a genetic trait or disorder is passed from one generation to the next. The main types are autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, and X-linked recessive.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let's determine the mode of inheritance for each disease:
- A. Cystic fibrosis: This is a well-known genetic disorder that affects mucus and sweat glands. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning an individual must inherit two copies of the mutated gene (one from each parent) to have the disease. So, A matches with II.
- B. Fragile X Syndrome: This is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. It is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern. Because the gene is on the X chromosome, inheritance patterns differ between males and females. So, B matches with III.
- C. Huntington's disease: This is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means inheriting only one copy of the mutated gene is sufficient to cause the disorder. So, C matches with IV.
- D. Color blindness: The most common forms of color blindness (red-green) are inherited in an X-linked recessive pattern. This is why it is much more common in males, who have only one X chromosome. So, D matches with I.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Combining the matches:
A $\rightarrow$ II (Autosomal recessive)
B $\rightarrow$ III (X-linked dominant)
C $\rightarrow$ IV (Autosomal dominant)
D $\rightarrow$ I (X-linked recessive)
The correct combination is A-II, B-III, C-IV, D-I, which corresponds to option (D).