Question

Match LIST I with LIST II
\[ \begin{array}{|l|l|} \hline \textbf{LIST I} & \textbf{LIST II} \\ \hline A. \ \text{Cutoff wall} & I. \ \text{Energy dissipation} \\ B. \ \text{Hydraulic jump} & II. \ \text{Critical flow condition} \\ C. \ \text{Froude number is one} & III. \ \text{Preventing piping below the structure} \\ D. \ \text{Flood routing} & IV. \ \text{Storage discharge relationship} \\ \hline \end{array} \]
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III
• B. A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III
• C. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
• D. A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

Hint:

Associate hydraulic engineering keywords: - Cutoff wall/Sheet pile \(\rightarrow\) Seepage/Piping control. - Hydraulic jump \(\rightarrow\) Energy dissipation. - Froude Number = 1 \(\rightarrow\) Critical flow. - Flood Routing \(\rightarrow\) Storage-Discharge relation.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Match each term in LIST I with its correct definition or application in LIST II.
- A. Cutoff wall: This is an impermeable barrier built beneath a dam or weir, extending down into the foundation soil. Its primary purpose is to increase the path of seepage and reduce the hydraulic gradient, thereby III. Preventing piping below the structure.
- B. Hydraulic jump: This is a phenomenon in open-channel flow where a rapidly flowing (supercritical) stream abruptly slows down and increases in depth (subcritical). This transition involves significant turbulence and is an excellent mechanism for I. Energy dissipation, often designed to occur on the apron of a spillway.
- C. Froude number is one: The Froude number (Fr) is a dimensionless quantity that describes different flow regimes in an open channel. When Fr = 1, it signifies the II. Critical flow condition, which is the theoretical point of maximum discharge for a given specific energy.
- D. Flood routing: This is the process of predicting the timing and shape of a flood wave as it moves through a river or reservoir. The fundamental basis for reservoir routing is the IV. Storage discharge relationship, which relates the amount of water stored in the reservoir to the outflow rate.
Step 2: Compile the correct pairings.
- A \(\rightarrow\) III
- B \(\rightarrow\) I
- C \(\rightarrow\) II
- D \(\rightarrow\) IV
This combination corresponds to option (C).