Question

Match List-I with List-II 

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below: 
 

• (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (IV), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Hint:

Remember the core process for each fat product: \textbf{Lard} = Rendering animal fat. \textbf{Margarine} = Hydrogenating vegetable oil. \textbf{Mayonnaise} = Emulsifying oil and vinegar. \textbf{Butter} = Churning cream (which can be ripened).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question requires matching different types of fat-based food products with the key process involved in their manufacturing.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
- (A) Lard: This is fat derived from pigs. The process of obtaining lard involves heating the fatty tissues of the pig to melt the fat and separate it from the connective tissue. This process of melting and clarifying fat is called (II) Rendering.
- (B) Butter: This is a dairy product made by churning cream. After churning, the butter granules are worked to remove buttermilk. Often, the cream is soured or cultured with bacteria before churning, and the butter itself may be aged slightly to develop flavor. This flavor development stage is a form of (I) Ripening.
- (C) Margarine: This is a butter substitute made primarily from vegetable oils. To convert liquid vegetable oils into a solid, spreadable fat, they are often subjected to (IV) Partial hydrogenation. This process adds hydrogen atoms to the unsaturated fatty acids, making them more saturated and solid at room temperature.
- (D) Mayonnaise: This is a stable mixture of oil, egg yolk, and an acid (like vinegar or lemon juice). A mixture of two immiscible liquids like oil and water (from the vinegar/juice) is called an (III) Emulsion. The lecithin in the egg yolk acts as the emulsifier.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct pairings are: (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), and (D)-(III). This corresponds to option (A).