Question

Match each crystal defect in Column I with the corresponding type in Column II. Column I:
P. Edge dislocation
Q. Stacking fault
R. Frenkel defect
S. Porosity
Column II:
1. Zero-dimensional defect
2. One-dimensional defect
3. Two-dimensional defect
4. Three-dimensional defect

• A. P – 3, Q – 4, R – 2, S – 1
• B. P – 3, Q – 4, R – 1, S – 2
• C. P – 2, Q – 3, R – 1, S – 4
• D. P – 2, Q – 4, R – 3, S – 1

Hint:

Remember: Point → 0D (Frenkel, Schottky); Line → 1D (edge/screw dislocations); Plane → 2D (stacking fault, grain boundary); Bulk → 3D (porosity, cracks).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Recall classification of crystal defects.
Crystal defects are classified by dimensionality: - Zero-dimensional (point defects): Vacancies, interstitials, Frenkel and Schottky defects. - One-dimensional (line defects): Edge dislocation, screw dislocation. - Two-dimensional (planar defects): Grain boundaries, stacking faults. - Three-dimensional (bulk defects): Voids, cracks, porosity. Step 2: Match each defect.
- \(P.\) Edge dislocation → A line defect, so \(\Rightarrow\) one-dimensional defect (2).
- \(Q.\) Stacking fault → A planar fault in crystal planes, so \(\Rightarrow\) two-dimensional defect (3).
- \(R.\) Frenkel defect → A point defect (cation leaves lattice site and occupies interstitial site), so \(\Rightarrow\) zero-dimensional defect (1).
- \(S.\) Porosity → A bulk 3D defect (holes and voids), so \(\Rightarrow\) three-dimensional defect (4). Step 3: Verify options.
Option (C) gives P–2, Q–3, R–1, S–4, which matches perfectly. Step 4: Conclude.
The correct mapping is: \[ \boxed{P-2,\; Q-3,\; R-1,\; S-4} \]