Question

Marketing concept is

• A. Production oriented
• B. Sales oriented
• C. Customer oriented
• D. All of these

Hint:

While the "modern" marketing concept is customer-oriented, be aware of the historical evolution: Production Concept $\rightarrow$ Product Concept $\rightarrow$ Selling Concept $\rightarrow$ Marketing Concept $\rightarrow$ Societal Marketing Concept. All are valid concepts in their own right.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks what a marketing concept is. The options provided are different business orientations or philosophies related to marketing. The question can be interpreted as asking which of the given options are recognized marketing concepts or orientations.
Step 2: Key Concept:
The field of marketing has evolved through several philosophies or concepts over time. These concepts describe the orientation of a business towards its market and customers.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The main marketing concepts or orientations are:

Production Oriented Concept: Focuses on achieving high production efficiency, low costs, and mass distribution. Assumes consumers will favor products that are widely available and inexpensive.

Sales Oriented Concept: Focuses on aggressive selling and promotional efforts. Assumes consumers will not buy enough of the firm's products unless it undertakes a large-scale selling and promotion effort.

Customer Oriented Concept (or Marketing Concept): Focuses on understanding and satisfying the needs and wants of target markets more effectively and efficiently than competitors. This is the modern marketing philosophy.

Since Production oriented, Sales oriented, and Customer oriented are all established concepts within the study of marketing, they all fall under the umbrella of "Marketing concept" in a broad sense.
Step 4: Final Answer:
As all the given options are recognized marketing orientations, the most appropriate answer is (D) All of these.