Question

List I List II List III

List I	List II	List III
(a) Witches Broom	(III) Mycoplasma	(i) Prokaryote
(b) Sleeping Sickness	(I) Trypanosome	(iii) Protozoa
(c) Early Blight	(IV) Alternaria	(ii) Fungi
(d) Scrapie	(II) Sheep	(iv) Virus

• A. A II i, B III ii, C IV iv, D III ii
• B. A IV i, B III ii, C III i, D II iv
• C. A III i, B I iii, C IV ii, D II iv
• D. A II i, B III ii, C III i, D IV iv

Hint:

Witches’ Broom is often caused by phytoplasmas (Mycoplasma-like organisms) in plants, while Scrapie in sheep is a prion disease, sometimes classified under viral agents in educational contexts.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

This question requires matching items from List I (diseases or conditions), List II (organisms or hosts), and List III (biological classifications). Let’s analyze each item in List I and find the correct matches step by step. - a) Witches Broom Witches’ Broom is a disease characterized by abnormal, broom-like growth in plants, often caused by pathogens that lead to excessive branching. This condition is commonly associated with Mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs), which are bacteria lacking a cell wall. Mycoplasma species, such as those causing diseases in plants (e.g., phytoplasmas), are known to cause Witches’ Broom in various plants like potatoes and peanuts. Since Mycoplasma are bacteria, they are classified as prokaryotes. Therefore, Witches Broom matches with Mycoplasma (List II: III) and Prokaryote (List III: i). Match: A III i. - b) Sleeping Sickness Sleeping Sickness, also known as African Trypanosomiasis, is a disease in humans caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which is transmitted by the tsetse fly. Trypanosoma belongs to the group of protozoa, a type of eukaryotic microorganism. This disease affects the nervous system, leading to symptoms like fatigue, neurological issues, and, if untreated, coma or death—hence the name "Sleeping Sickness." Therefore, Sleeping Sickness matches with Trypanosome (List II: I) and Protozoa (List III: iii). Match: B I iii. - c) Early Blight Early Blight is a common fungal disease in plants, particularly affecting crops like tomatoes and potatoes. It is caused by the fungus Alternaria solani, which leads to characteristic dark spots on leaves, stems, and fruits, often resulting in reduced yield. Since Alternaria is a fungus, it belongs to the fungal kingdom, which is eukaryotic. Therefore, Early Blight matches with Alternaria (List II: IV) and Fungi (List III: ii). Match: C IV ii. - d) Scrapie Scrapie is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in sheep and goats, characterized by symptoms like intense itching (leading to scraping behavior, hence the name), tremors, and wasting. It is caused by a prion, which is an infectious protein particle (not a living organism like bacteria or fungi). Prions are classified as viruses in some educational contexts, though technically they are distinct from typical viruses as they lack nucleic acids. In this question’s context, since "Virus" is an option in List III, Scrapie is best matched with a viral/prion agent. Since the disease affects sheep, it matches with Sheep (List II: II) and Virus (List III: iv). Match: D II iv. Now, let’s summarize the matches: - a) Witches Broom → Mycoplasma (III) → Prokaryote (i) - b) Sleeping Sickness → Trypanosome (I) → Protozoa (iii) - c) Early Blight → Alternaria (IV) → Fungi (ii) - d) Scrapie → Sheep (II) → Virus (iv) This gives us: A III i, B I iii, C IV ii, D II iv. Let’s evaluate the options: - Option 1: A II i, B III ii, C IV iv, D III ii A (Witches Broom) is not Sheep (II) or Prokaryote (i); it should be Mycoplasma (III). B (Sleeping Sickness) is not Mycoplasma (III) or Fungi (ii). C (Early Blight) is Alternaria (IV) but not Virus (iv). D (Scrapie) is not Mycoplasma (III). This option is incorrect. - Option 2: A IV i, B III ii, C III i, D II iv A (Witches Broom) is not Alternaria (IV). B (Sleeping Sickness) is not Mycoplasma (III). C (Early Blight) is not Mycoplasma (III). D (Scrapie) matches Sheep (II) and Virus (iv), which is correct, but the other matches are wrong. This option is incorrect. - Option 3: A III i, B I iii, C IV ii, D II iv A (Witches Broom) matches Mycoplasma (III) and Prokaryote (i). B (Sleeping Sickness) matches Trypanosome (I) and Protozoa (iii). C (Early Blight) matches Alternaria (IV) and Fungi (ii). D (Scrapie) matches Sheep (II) and Virus (iv). This option is correct. - Option 4: A II i, B III ii, C III i, D IV iv A (Witches Broom) is not Sheep (II). B (Sleeping Sickness) is not Mycoplasma (III). C (Early Blight) is not Mycoplasma (III). D (Scrapie) involves a virus/prion but is not Alternaria (IV). This option is incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is (3) A III i, B I iii, C IV ii, D II iv, which corresponds to the matches we determined. Thus, the correct answer is A III i, B I iii, C IV ii, D II iv.