Step 1: Understanding Pickling.
In Python, Pickling is the process of serializing an object (like list, dictionary, class instance) into a byte stream so it can be saved to a file or transmitted.
Step 2: Opposite process.
The reverse process is called Unpickling (or de-serialization), where a byte stream is converted back into the original Python object.
Step 3: Eliminate wrong options.
- Option 1: \texttt{read()} → Reads data from a file, not serialization.
- Option 2: \texttt{write()} → Writes data, but does not serialize it.
- Option 4: De-serialization → This is the reverse process (unpickling).
Hence, the correct answer is Pickling.
Final Answer:
\[
\boxed{\text{Pickling}}
\]