Question

........... intelligence refers to accumulated knowledge-information we store over a lifetime of experience, plus the application of skills and knowledge to solving specific problems.

• A. Fluid
• B. Crystallized
• C. Practical
• D. Contextual

Hint:

Think of {fluid} intelligence like water: it's flexible and can take any shape to solve a new problem. Think of {crystallized} intelligence like a crystal: it has grown over time through the accumulation of knowledge, making it solid and extensive.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
The question describes a type of intelligence based on accumulated knowledge and experience. This relates to the theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence proposed by Raymond Cattell.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
(A) Fluid intelligence (Gf): This is the ability to reason, think flexibly, and solve novel problems without relying on prior knowledge. It is often associated with processing speed and working memory.
(B) Crystallized intelligence (Gc): This refers to the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that are acquired throughout life. It includes vocabulary, general knowledge, and the ability to apply learned procedures. The description in the question, "accumulated knowledge-information we store over a lifetime of experience," is the definition of crystallized intelligence.
(C) Practical intelligence: A concept from Sternberg's triarchic theory, it refers to "street smarts" or the ability to solve everyday problems.
(D) Contextual intelligence: Also from Sternberg's theory, it is the ability to adapt to, shape, and select environments, and is closely related to practical intelligence.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The type of intelligence that refers to accumulated knowledge and skills is crystallized intelligence.