Question

Which of the following conclusions is not implied by the passage above?

• A. Communist states often do not respect human rights.
• B. Communist states never respect human rights.
• C. The entrenchment of the Bill of Rights is what ensures that even Communist-governed states respect human rights.
• D. The Indian Constitution prepared India for the challenges of independence.
• A. Communist governments are motivated to respect human rights out of Communist principles, not Constitutional ones.
• B. The Constitution of India is itself sympathetic to Communist principles.
• C. Human rights need to be enforceable to have any meaning.
• D. Countries without a strong culture of human rights are prone to oppressing minorities.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understand the passage argument
The author says that: - India is unique in having Communist-governed states where human rights are respected. - This is due to the Constitution and its Bill of Rights. - Implication: Normally, Communist states do not always respect human rights. Step 2: Analyze each option - (a) Often do not respect human rights} — implied, aligns with contrast made. \checkmark - (b) Never respect human rights} — extreme, not implied. The passage shows exceptions (Indian states). ✗ - (c) Bill of Rights makes Communist states comply} — matches passage idea. \checkmark - (d) Constitution prepared India for challenges} — implied in “equipped us adequately.” \checkmark Hence, (b) is the only statement not implied — it overstates. % Final Answer \[ \boxed{\text{(b)}} \]

Answer 2

Step 1: Understand the argument
The passage argues that in India, **respect for human rights in Communist-governed states** exists **only because** of the Constitution's Bill of Rights. So the assumption is: Without the Constitution, Communist principles wouldn't ensure these rights.} Step 2: Analyze the options to find which one weakens this - (a) Human rights are respected due to Communist ideology itself} — This directly weakens the central argument. ✓ - (b) Constitution is sympathetic to Communism} — may align with the passage, but doesn’t refute it. ✗ - (c) Enforceability of human rights} — a general statement, not related to Constitution vs. ideology contrast. ✗ - (d) Cultural weakness and oppression} — unrelated to the Indian constitutional setup. ✗ Thus, (a) contradicts the idea that only the Constitution causes rights to be respected. % Final Answer \[ \boxed{\text{(a)}} \]