Question

4. Role of the penstock and turbine: 
 

Hint:

In a hydroelectric system, the penstock carries high-pressure water from the reservoir to the turbine, converting potential energy into kinetic energy. The turbine then spins, converting that kinetic energy into mechanical energy, which drives the generator to produce electricity. It's a perfect example of energy transformation in action!

Answer 1

Penstock: Conveys water under pressure from the reservoir to the turbine, converting potential energy into kinetic energy.
Turbine: Converts the kinetic energy of flowing water into mechanical rotational energy to drive the generator. The dam wall holds back water to form a reservoir; controlled release through sluice gates directs water into the penstock; the penstock channels high-pressure water to the turbine whose rotation drives the generator in the power house to produce electricity.