Question

Discuss the non-conventional sources of energy.

Answer 1

Non-Conventional Sources of Energy

Non-conventional sources of energy, also known as renewable energy sources, are those that are replenished naturally and are environmentally friendly. They are emerging as crucial alternatives to finite and polluting conventional sources like fossil fuels. Key non-conventional sources are:

a) Solar Energy:

This involves harnessing energy from sunlight using photovoltaic (PV) cells or concentrated solar power systems. PV cells convert sunlight directly into electricity. India has immense potential for solar energy due to its tropical location. It is used for power generation, water heating, and lighting. It is clean, abundant, and becoming increasingly cost-effective.

b) Wind Energy:

This is the energy derived from the movement of air (wind) using wind turbines. The kinetic energy of the wind turns the blades of a turbine, which spins a generator to create electricity. Coastal areas and mountainous regions with strong and constant winds are ideal locations for wind farms. It is a clean source of power with low operating costs.

c) Biomass Energy:

This refers to energy generated from organic matter, such as agricultural waste, animal manure, and municipal solid waste. It can be converted into energy through direct combustion, gasification (to produce biogas), or fermentation (to produce biofuels like ethanol). It is a valuable way to manage waste and generate energy, especially in rural areas.

d) Geothermal Energy:

This is the heat energy from the Earth’s interior. It is harnessed by drilling deep into the earth to tap into underground reservoirs of steam and hot water, which can then be used to drive turbines to generate electricity or for direct heating applications.

e) Tidal Energy:

This form of hydropower converts the energy obtained from the rise and fall of ocean tides into electricity. It is a highly predictable form of renewable energy but is location-specific and requires a significant tidal range to be viable.

These sources are vital for sustainable development as they reduce dependence on fossil fuels, mitigate climate change, and enhance energy security.