Among the three methods of heat transfer—conduction, convection, and radiation—radiation has the maximum rate of heat transfer.
- Conduction involves the transfer of heat through direct contact between molecules and typically occurs in solids.
- Convection involves the transfer of heat through fluids (liquids or gases) by the movement of the fluid itself.
- Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves (such as infrared radiation), and it does not require a medium. This allows heat to be transferred through a vacuum, such as how the Sun heats the Earth.
Radiation is the fastest of these processes, as it does not depend on the movement of particles or the material's conductivity.