Chernozem is a type of soil characterized by its black color and high humus content. It is renowned as one of the most fertile soils globally and is primarily utilized for growing cereal crops. Black soil is abundant in elements like calcium carbonate and iron, and it also contains lime, potash, aluminum, among other minerals. Laterite soil, on the other hand, contains bauxite, which is the source ore for aluminum production. Terra Rossa, a red clayey soil, is formed from limestone and is well-suited for cultivating vine plants, especially in grapevine production.